Brain Tumours
Oncology Dx
Neurology
2nd most common group of malignancies
mortality 4.5%
5% are related to familial syndromes (all AD)
Types
Glioma
Craniopharyngioma
Germ-cell tumour (aFP, BhCG)
choroid plexus complex tumors and teratomas (the most common CNS tumours <1y) (intraventricular epithelial neoplasms)
(cf non brain neural crest tumours neuroblastoma (sympathetic cells and adrenal medulla), Pheo
By location:
Mid-line
Neurology
2nd most common group of malignancies
mortality 4.5%
5% are related to familial syndromes (all AD)
- NF1: Optic gliomas, astrocytoma, nerve sheath tumors, neurofibromas
- NF2: schwannomas, meningiomas, spinal cord ependymoma/astrocytoma, hamartomas
- vHL: Hemangioblastoma
- TS: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, cortical tubers
- Li-Fraumeni: Astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor
- Cowden: gangliocytoma of the cerebellum
- Turcot: Medulloblastoma, Glioblastoma
- Nevoid basal cell carcinoma: Medulloblastoma
Types
Glioma
- Glioblastoma
- pilocytic astrocytomas (between
- Oligodendroglioma (oligodendrocytes make CNS myelin)
- Ependymoma (ependymal cells line ventricles and spinal
- medulloblastoma (vermis of cerebellum)
- supratentorial PNET
- ependymoblastoma
- medulloepithelioblastoma
- atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
Craniopharyngioma
Germ-cell tumour (aFP, BhCG)
choroid plexus complex tumors and teratomas (the most common CNS tumours <1y) (intraventricular epithelial neoplasms)
- Choroid plexus papilloma (100% cure with resection)
- Choroid plexus carcinoma (30% cure with resection)
(cf non brain neural crest tumours neuroblastoma (sympathetic cells and adrenal medulla), Pheo
By location:
Mid-line
- Optic (chiasmal) glioma (astrocytoma) (NF1) (visual defects, precocious puberty)
- Craniopharyngioma (poor growth, delayed puberty, visual FD, headaches)
- Pineal tumour
- Medulloblastoma
- Cerebellar astrocytoma
- Brain stem glioma
- Ependymoma