Botulism
Clostridium botulinum:
Gm pos rod: spore producing
Anaerobic
(botulus: latin for sausage (first outbreak)
multiple strains producing different neurotoxins (A through H)
peripheral neuroparalytic syndrome
Food poisoning (ingest preformed toxin)
Enteric (ingest bacterial): infant v adult
Inhalational: (most likely biological warfare)
Wound: via cuts
Iatrogenic: therapeutic overdose
Live on fruits/vegetables/seafood and in soil/marine sediment
Strains variably spoil food so cannot predict presence on look/taste/smell
Spores survive 5 hours at 100C or 5 mins at 120C
Toxin inactivated by 20mins in chlorinated water
Avoid honey in <12mo (infantile botulism)
Toxin disperses via the vascular system and binds to synaptotagmin II receptor on the presynaptic sides of peripheral cholinergic synapses at ganglia and neuromuscular junctions. The heavy chain of the toxin binds to the receptors, allowing the light chain to translocate into the nerve cell cytoplasm via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
the toxin produces an irreversible disruption in stimulation-induced acetylcholine release by that presynaptic nerve terminal.
It take 6 months for return of synaptic function via sprouting of a new presynaptic terminal with subsequent formation of a new synapse, . Adrenergic synapses unaffected
Doesn't cross the blood brain barrier thus only peripheral cholinergic nervous system
Hx
Raw Honey <12mo
Home food preservation
IVDU (wound)
Botox
Gm pos rod: spore producing
Anaerobic
(botulus: latin for sausage (first outbreak)
multiple strains producing different neurotoxins (A through H)
peripheral neuroparalytic syndrome
Food poisoning (ingest preformed toxin)
Enteric (ingest bacterial): infant v adult
Inhalational: (most likely biological warfare)
Wound: via cuts
Iatrogenic: therapeutic overdose
Live on fruits/vegetables/seafood and in soil/marine sediment
Strains variably spoil food so cannot predict presence on look/taste/smell
Spores survive 5 hours at 100C or 5 mins at 120C
Toxin inactivated by 20mins in chlorinated water
Avoid honey in <12mo (infantile botulism)
Toxin disperses via the vascular system and binds to synaptotagmin II receptor on the presynaptic sides of peripheral cholinergic synapses at ganglia and neuromuscular junctions. The heavy chain of the toxin binds to the receptors, allowing the light chain to translocate into the nerve cell cytoplasm via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
the toxin produces an irreversible disruption in stimulation-induced acetylcholine release by that presynaptic nerve terminal.
It take 6 months for return of synaptic function via sprouting of a new presynaptic terminal with subsequent formation of a new synapse, . Adrenergic synapses unaffected
Doesn't cross the blood brain barrier thus only peripheral cholinergic nervous system
Hx
Raw Honey <12mo
Home food preservation
IVDU (wound)
Botox