Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly: spleen palpable >2cm below the left costal margin, or above limits for age on US
Massive splenomegaly: crossing midline OR in pelvis
Differential Diagnosis of Splenomegaly
Primary Splenic Disorders
Congestive Splenomegaly (Banti Syndrome)
Massive splenomegaly: crossing midline OR in pelvis
Differential Diagnosis of Splenomegaly
Primary Splenic Disorders
- Splenoptosis (wandering spleen)
- Cysts
- Hemangiomas and lymphangiomas
- Subcapsular haemorrhage
- Accessory spleen
Congestive Splenomegaly (Banti Syndrome)
- Portal vein thrombosis
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Congestive heart failure
- Hepatic portal or splenic vein obstruction (umbi line, omphalitis)
- Haemolytic Anemias–Congenital and Acquired
- Membranopathies: hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis
- Haemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disease and related syndromes, thalassemia
- Enzymopathy: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, etc
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
- Thalassaemia major, osteopetrosis, myelofibrosis
- Leukemias
- Lymphomas
- Lipidoses
- Mucopolysaccharidosis
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Viral: Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Bacterial: acute bacterial infections, subacute bacterial endocarditis, congenital syphilis, tuberculosis
- Parasitic: malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis
- Fungal: candidiasis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
- Serum sickness
- Sarcoidosis
- Immune thrombocytopenias and neutropenias