Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Gram-negative rod (curved)
motile
Serogroup
Ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water
toxin induces secretion of electrolytes into bowel lumen
subclinical to profuse painless watery diarrhoea
metabolic acidosis
death
up to 6 cases per year in Australia almost alway contracted while travelling in developing/underdeveloped world
0.2:100,000 western travellers
Prevention
Immunisation
Vaccination not a requirement of travel to any country
Risk low, prevention is more important
Vaccine may be considered in at risk groups
Poor duration of effectiveness, booster required after 2 years
Isolate
Notifiable
Gram-negative rod (curved)
motile
Serogroup
- O1
- Inaba, Ogawa and Hikojima serotypes
- classical and el tor biotypes (biovar)
- O139 (bengal strain)
Ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water
toxin induces secretion of electrolytes into bowel lumen
subclinical to profuse painless watery diarrhoea
metabolic acidosis
death
up to 6 cases per year in Australia almost alway contracted while travelling in developing/underdeveloped world
0.2:100,000 western travellers
Prevention
- sanitation
- hand hygiene
- water treatment
Immunisation
Vaccination not a requirement of travel to any country
Risk low, prevention is more important
Vaccine may be considered in at risk groups
Poor duration of effectiveness, booster required after 2 years
Isolate
Notifiable