Toxicology
Treat the Pt not the poison
Toxidromes
Drugs
Alcohol: afroeurasia and the americas since the stone age
Tobacco: the americas
Cannabis (Marijuana) indigenous to central/south Asia
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB, fantasy, grievous bodily harm)
Kava
Depressants (benzos)
Opioids: Diamorphine (Heroin, smack, gear), morphine, opium from poppies NW Mediterranean
GHB
Sympathomemetics
Hallucinogens
Anticholinergic (competition with acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors)
Inhalants (snappers, poppers)
Speed ball is combining an upper and downer (e.g. cocaine and heroin or amphetamine and morphine)
Toxidromes
Drugs
Alcohol: afroeurasia and the americas since the stone age
Tobacco: the americas
Cannabis (Marijuana) indigenous to central/south Asia
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB, fantasy, grievous bodily harm)
Kava
Depressants (benzos)
Opioids: Diamorphine (Heroin, smack, gear), morphine, opium from poppies NW Mediterranean
GHB
Sympathomemetics
- Cocaine (Coke, Blow), Crack (rock) from coca plant SW america
- Amphetamine (speed) dexamphetamine (base), methamphetamine (ice / crystal), combination (adderall), Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, MDMA (see also in halluci)
- Caffeine (Coffee Ethiopia/West africa Tea:China, Cola (African rain forest) Mate/Guarana: SAm
Hallucinogens
- Mescaline
- LSD (acid, trip)
- Psilocybin (Mushrooms)
- Ketamine (Special K)
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, disco bicky)
Anticholinergic (competition with acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors)
- "Dry as a bone" (anhidrosis)
- "Hot as a hare" (anhydrotic hyperthermia) – can't sweat > hyperthermia.
- "Red as a beet" hyperthermia > cutaneous vasodilation
- "Blind as a bat" (nonreactive mydriasis) – impaired pupillary constriction and accommodation.
- "Mad as a hatter" (delirium; hallucinations) – Blockade of CNS muscarinic receptors: anxiety, agitation, dysarthria, confusion, disorientation, visual hallucinations, bizarre behavior, delirium, psychosis (usually paranoia), coma, and seizures. Hallucinations are often described as "Alice in Wonderland-like" or "Lilliputian type," where people appear to become larger and smaller. Patients with altered mental status often present with agitation and may appear to grab invisible objects from the air. Although central and peripheral anticholinergic effects are commonly seen together, in some cases, central effects may persist after resolution of peripheral symptoms.
- "Full as a flask" urinary retention through reduced detrusor contraction and reduced urethral sphincter relaxation
- Trumpet Flowers
- Oxybutynin overdose
Inhalants (snappers, poppers)
Speed ball is combining an upper and downer (e.g. cocaine and heroin or amphetamine and morphine)