Hormones
Endocrinology
hormone: a chemical transmitter produced by a cell, which has a specific regulatory effect on another cell
Endocrine: secreted internally without ducts (e.g. ECF > bloodstream) (cf exocrine)
Make excel sheet
Name, Structure, origin, target, function
Group into pathways of production (steroids below) and of effect e.g. axes
Amine
Peptides
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Steroids
Amines: single amino-acid derivatives
Peptide (2-50)
Protein (>50) [pr]
Glycoprotein = [gp]
HPT: TRH (I:dopamine) > TSH > T3/4
HPB: TRH > Prolactin > milk
HPA: CRH > ACTH > cortisol/aldosterone
HPL: GHRH (I:Somatostatin) > GH > IGF-1
HPG: GnRH > LH/FSH > oestrogen/testosterone
Post pit (not really axes as release > effect
HPPK/A: ADH (vasopressin) > kidneys/arterys
HPPU/B: Oxytocin > uterine contraction and milk let down
Hypothalamus
Ant pit
Post pit
Thyroid
Adrenal Cortex
Liver
Heart
Pancreas
GIT
Fat
Endothelium
Steroid hormones (made from cholesterol)
sex hormone
Adrenal Cortex
Mineralcorticoid
Secosteroid
Anti-Müllerian Hormone
Retina > Suprachiasmic nucleus (Hypothal) > Pineal gland > Paraventricular nucleus > superior cervical ganglia > pineal gland
Pineal gland converts Serotonin to Melatonin
Cholesterol > Progestens > Mineralcorticoids OR Glucocorticoids OR Androgens > Oestrogens
hormone: a chemical transmitter produced by a cell, which has a specific regulatory effect on another cell
Endocrine: secreted internally without ducts (e.g. ECF > bloodstream) (cf exocrine)
Make excel sheet
Name, Structure, origin, target, function
Group into pathways of production (steroids below) and of effect e.g. axes
Amine
Peptides
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Steroids
Amines: single amino-acid derivatives
- Catecholamines (Adre, Norad, Dopamine)
- T3, T4
Peptide (2-50)
Protein (>50) [pr]
Glycoprotein = [gp]
HPT: TRH (I:dopamine) > TSH > T3/4
HPB: TRH > Prolactin > milk
HPA: CRH > ACTH > cortisol/aldosterone
HPL: GHRH (I:Somatostatin) > GH > IGF-1
HPG: GnRH > LH/FSH > oestrogen/testosterone
Post pit (not really axes as release > effect
HPPK/A: ADH (vasopressin) > kidneys/arterys
HPPU/B: Oxytocin > uterine contraction and milk let down
Hypothalamus
- TRH (stimulates TSH release)
- (Dopamine to inhibit TRH)
- CRH
- GHRH
- (somatostatin to inhibit GHRH)
- GnRH
- Neuropeptide Y (hunger) (leptin inhibits / stimulated by ghrelin)
Ant pit
- TSH: [gp] stimulates T3/T4 release
- Prolactin (mammary tissue)
- ACTH (adrenal cortex)
- GH aka Somatotrophin is a mitogen (bone muscle liver)
- FSH: [gp] stimulate maturation of germ cells
- LH: [gp] Stimulates ovulation/dev of luteum(f), and testosterone (m)
Post pit
- ADH aka vasopressin (Kidneys...)
- oxytocin: (Child birth, Lactation)
Thyroid
- T3/4
Adrenal Cortex
- Cortisol (gluco)
- Aldosterone (mineral)
Liver
- IGF-1
Heart
- ANP
Pancreas
- Glucagon
- Insulin
- somatostatin (Also made in hypothalamus and stomach)
GIT
- Liver: IGF1 [pr]
- Cholecystokinin (induces bile and pancreatic enzyme release)
- Gastrin (induces HCl release)
Fat
- Leptin (effects Hypothalamus: satiety)
Endothelium
- G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor): [gp] induces granulocyte and stem cell maturation in bone marrow
Steroid hormones (made from cholesterol)
sex hormone
- progesterone (ovaries/placenta/adrenal glands/testis)
- testosterone (testes / ovaries)
- oestrogens (ovaries/placenta)
Adrenal Cortex
Mineralcorticoid
- aldosterone: zone glomerulosa tells kidneys to absorb Na (draws H2O)
- 21 hydroxyprogesterone
- Cortisol
Secosteroid
- Vit D2: ergocalciferol OR 25 hydroxy
- Vit D3: cholecalciferol OR activated (by UV) 7-dehydrocholesterol
Anti-Müllerian Hormone
Retina > Suprachiasmic nucleus (Hypothal) > Pineal gland > Paraventricular nucleus > superior cervical ganglia > pineal gland
Pineal gland converts Serotonin to Melatonin
Cholesterol > Progestens > Mineralcorticoids OR Glucocorticoids OR Androgens > Oestrogens