Xray
AKA ROENTGENOGRAM
Azygous lobe
cardiomegaly
Opacity
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Effusion
See also pneumonia
- Sidedness
- heart dextrocardia
- liver
- follow central lines for aorta
- follow NG for oesophagus
- Thymic shadow
Azygous lobe
- normal anatomic variant in 1%
- not a true accessory lobe (does not have its own bronchus)
- created when a laterally displaced azygos vein invaginates the pleura creating a deep pleural fissure into the apical segment of the RUL during embryological development
cardiomegaly
- Erlenmeyer flask or Water bottle: pericardial effusion
- Snowman / fig 8: TAPVD
- Boot: TOF
- Grade 1: cephalisation of pulmonary veins
- Grade 2: interstitial oedema
- Kerley lines = interlobular septa prominance (A: from hilar, B: from pleura, C in middle, D, from pleura on Lateral)
- Grade 3: alveolar oedema: batwings +/- air bronchograms
Opacity
- Oncology
- Neuroblastoma
- Mediastinal
- Lymphoma
- Thymoma
- Teratoma (Usually in or near thymus)
- Early Sarcoidosis
- CCAM > HRCT
- Pulmonary sequestration (systemic blood supply, can be cystic, non functional)
- Emphysema
- Diaphragmatic hernia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Effusion
- hydrothorax (from increased hydrostatic pressure or reduce capillary oncotic pressure)
- Heart failure
- Liver failure
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Exudate
- Empyema
- Haemothorax
- Chylothorax
See also pneumonia