Drug Side effects
Extrapyramidal side effects
- Dystonia
- Laryngeal spasm, opisthotonos (severe extention of neck and back, torticollis, trismus, perioral spasm, carpopedal spasm, oculogyric crisis,
- Rx benztropine (anticholinergic)
- Akathesia
- motor restlessness
- Parkinsonism
- tremor, rigidity or bradykinesia
- Rx reduced dose, stop, benztropine if continues
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, head, neck, trunk or limbs
- Develops after years of use
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- mental status change, rigidity, fever, and dysautonomia
Neuroleptics (aka antipsychotics aka major tranquillisers)
Typical:
- Butyrophenones: Droperidol, Haloperidol
- Dibenzoxazepines: Loxapine
- Diphenylbutylpiperidine: Pimozide
- Phenothiazines
- Aliphatics - Chlorpromazine, promazine, levomepromazine, and methotrimeprazine
- Piperidines - Mesoridazine, thioridazine
- Piperazines - Fluphenazine, perphenazine , prochlorperazine, trifluoperazine
- Thioxanthenes: Thiothixene
- Benzopines: Clozapine, Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel)
- Indoles: Ziprasidone
- Quinolinones: Aripiprazole, Paliperidone, Melperone, Zotepine, Risperidone
Antiemetic that cause NMS
- Prochlorperazine (also antipsychotic)
- Droperidol (also antipsychotic)
- Domperidone
- Metoclopromide
- Promethazine
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/815881-overview#a4