Immunisation
Inoculation = introduction of infective or immunogenic material (i.e. infect if develops disease or vaccinate if immunises)
Active immunisation = vaccination to produce adaptive immune response
- (vacca = cow from cow pox used as first vaccine for small pox)
Given at chronological age (not corrected age)
Take 2 weeks to work
Duration of memory (add table)
Seroconversion (add table)
Against viruses, bacterial...
Live attenuated: live but treated to be less virulent therefore not disease causing
- need to be refrigerated, downside resource limited
Inactivated: killed by radiation/heat/chemicals, less immunogenic so more doses required, also downside in resource limited
Subunit: use just the antigen therefore less likely to cause adverse reaction (called recombinant if antigen made in lab with recombinant DNA, rather than growing microbe and collecting antigen)
Toxoid: Toxin produced by infection is treated with formaldehyde, no longer toxin but immunogenic
http://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/types/#live
- Cholera (inactivated/recomb) (oral vaccine) - 2 years
- Diphtheria (toxoid) - 10 years
- Flu vaccine (Fluvax) - 1 year
- Haemophilus influenzae type b - life
- Hepatitis A (Vaqta / Havrix/Twinrix) - 20 years (possibly longer)
- Hepatitis B (recombinant) (HBVax II/Engerix B/Twinrix) - life
- HPV - 5y to life
- Japanese B Encephalitis - 3 years
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella - life
- Meningitis (Menomune/Mencevax) - 2-3 years
- Pertussis (toxoid) - 5y
- Pneumococcal (Pneumovax) - 5 years (possibly life)
- Polio (inactivated) - life
- Rabies (pre exposure) - 10 years (probably life)
- Rotavirus
- Tetanus (toxoid) - 10 years
- TB (BCG) ?10y
- Typhoid - 3 years
- Varicella - 20y (possible life)
- Yellow Fever - 10 years
Egg Anaphylaxis (not GAE)
MMR - negligible ovalbumin > not contraindicated
Influenza - variable > contraindicated if this years batch has >1microg of ovalbumin, given under supervision in hospital
Yellow Fever, Q-fever > too much ovalbumin > contraindicated
Rabies: one of the two products contains egg. That one is contraindicated
Pregnancy
? timing
Influenza
tdp
Live vaccines
MMR, VZV, rotavirus, yellow fever, BCG, oral typhoid, Japanese encephalitis